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Hoe herken ik en sint
nee flauw grapjeOrigineel geplaatst door J-Run
Op de verpakking van een synth staan geen stickers van intertoys, bart smit of toys r us.
key· board
1. A set of keys, as on a computer terminal, word processor, typewriter, or piano.
Music.
2. A piano.
3. Any of various instruments, played by means of a set of pianolike keys, often connected to a synthesizer or amplifier.
syn·the·siz·er
1. One that synthesizes: a synthesizer of others' ideas.
2. Music. An electronic instrument, often played with a keyboard, that combines simple waveforms to produce more complex sounds, such as those of various other instruments.
Origineel geplaatst door JohnnyBusca
Maar zo'n Roland Discover 5M ... Is dat dan een keyboard?


United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit
95-1099,-1111
CASIO, INC.,
Plaintiff/Cross-Appellant, v. THE UNITED STATES,
Defendant-Appellant.
DECIDED: January 16, 1996
Before ARCHER, Chief Judge, MICHEL and SCHALL, Circuit Judges.
The United States appeals the decision of the United States Court of International Trade, No. 89-07-00385, reclassifying 5 of 38 electronic musical synthesizer models, imported by Casio, Inc. ("Casio"), as "electrical articles which produce sound," Tariff Schedules of the United States ("TSUS") 1 688.34, as opposed to their original classification as "electronic musical instruments," TSUS 725.47. Casio cross-appeals the court's determination that the remaining models of imported electronic musical synthesizers were properly classified as "electronic musical instruments." We affirm.
I. BACKGROUND
Casio imports into the United States electronic musical synthesizers. 2 All of the imported synthesizer models were classified by the Customs Service, upon entry into the United States, as "Electronic musical instruments: Other," TSUS 725.47, with a duty rate of 6.8% ad valorem.
Casio timely challenged the classification by filing suit in the United States Court of International Trade. Casio argued that these synthesizers were improperly classified as electronic musical instruments and should instead have been classified under TSUS 688.34 as "Electrical articles and electrical parts of articles, not specifically provided for: Electrical articles using pre-programmed digital integrated circuits to produce sound," dutiable at the rate of 3.9% ad valorem.
Each of the synthesizers at issue in this case includes at least one of the following features.
ROM Pack - computer chip driven device containing ROM (read only memory) programmed to play a melody on the keyboard or to guide in a teaching function (e.g., to light indicator lights associated with a specific key).
Sampling - the ability to capture a sound (e.g., a dog bark) and then play it back at different pitches (e.g., "Jingle Bells" as done by barking dogs).
Sequencer - a device that remembers a sequence of key depressions, including note, duration, and sometimes pressure, and then plays it back. A multiple track sequencer allows additional sounds to be added on top of a previously recorded sequence. Using this function, a musician can record a background beat and additional musical phrases to the sequencer, and then play the melody on top.
Auto-rhythm - generates a rhythm selected from a number of pre-programmed rhythms (e.g., country, reggae, samba, waltz, etc.). The musician can then play a melody over the generated rhythm.
Auto-accompaniment - automatically generates an accompaniment of "fill-in" notes for the keys depressed on the right side of the keyboard.
Mixer - A device that permits the adjustment of relative volumes of various functions, such as auto-rhythm and the keys being pressed by the musician.
Inasmuch as the imported articles contained substantial non-musical instrument functions and features, Casio claimed, the articles were "more than" electronic musical instruments and could not be classified as such.
In addition, Casio argued that five of the imported models, VZ-1, VZ-10M, HZ-600, MG-510 and PG-380, could not be classified as electronic musical instruments because they were imported and sold in commerce without an amplifier and speakers or headphones and thus did not make an audible sound as imported. The ability to make an audible sound, they argued, was a requirement for classification as an electronic musical instrument.
The trial court concluded that the Casio synthesizers were not "more than" electronic musical instruments, finding that "[t]he primary design and function of the features at issue appear to become part of and enhance the musical instruments in which they are found. The features that are part of the subject articles make playing the instruments easier." Casio, Inc. v. United States, No. 89-07-00385, slip op. at 11 (Ct. Int'l Trade Oct. 7, 1994). It did conclude, however, that the decision of one of our predecessor courts in Montgomery Ward & Co., Inc. v. United States, 499 F.2d 1283 (CCPA 1974), requires that an electronic musical instrument make a sound to be considered as such, and therefore, Casio synthesizer models imported without amplifier or speakers should be classified under TSUS 688.34.



Origineel geplaatst door JohnnyBusca
p.s. Best een goede vraag eigenlijk.
Maar keyboards worden tegenwoordig in veel gevallen geleverd met ingebouwde speakers, niet? Daar kun je wel veel aan herkennen. Verder zijn de meeste synth en keyboard fabrikanten wel zo netjes om op een apparaat "synthesizer" of juist "keyboard" te zetten. Op de U20 staat "keyboard" op de Roland D20 staat synthesizer bijvoorbeeld.